Documented in Volume 1 of the UNIX Programmers Manual.
% file *
attempts to guess (for each file in the current directory) the
format of each file specified, and lists to the standard output
something like this:
ar11: demand paged pure executable
helpr: cannot open
demodb: commands text
f77: pure executable
lint: c program text
telnet: demand paged pure executable not stripped
Articl: empty
bin: directory
mbox: ascii text
z.c: c program text
author: roff, nroff, or eqn input text
bernet: English text